Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. It has been estimated that, of the state's 1860 population of 687,000, about 4,000 Marylanders traveled south to fight for the Confederacy. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was Join us July 13-16! Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. Emancipation did not immediately bring citizenship for former slaves. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. Civil War Campgrounds Marker Inscription. In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. [citation needed]. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. While Union forces were able to gain control of the mountain, they could not stop Lee from regrouping and setting the Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). WebCivil War Prison Camps Suffering and Survival Harpers Weekly depiction of Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. [46], Maryland Exiles, including Arnold Elzey and brigadier general George H. Steuart, would organize a "Maryland Line" in the Army of Northern Virginia which eventually consisted of one infantry regiment, one infantry battalion, two cavalry battalions and four battalions of artillery. Gonzlez, Felipe, Guillermo Marshall, and Suresh Naidu. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. The areas of Southern and Eastern Shore Maryland, especially those on the Chesapeake Bay (which neighbored Virginia), which had prospered on the tobacco trade and slave labor, were generally sympathetic to the South, while the central and western areas of the state, especially Marylanders of German origin,[5] had stronger economic ties to the North and thus were pro-Union. McCausland had the city burned down. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! 6306239). [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. During this period in spring 1861, Baltimore Mayor Brown,[31] the city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police were arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry without charges. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. My troops are on Federal Hill, which I can hold with the aid of my artillery. His executive officer was the Marylander George H. Steuart, who would later be known as "Maryland Steuart" to distinguish him from his more famous cavalry colleague J.E.B. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate.
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